Emotional Intelligence Therapeutic Interaction and...

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGIENCE THERAPEUTIC INTERACTION AND REFLECTIVE NURSING Emotional intelligence and therapeutic interaction plays vital role in forming a successful human relationship. Therapeutic relationship can be simply defined as a relationship built between a client and any health care professionals including nurses and doctors, whereas emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive , control and evaluate emotions (brady,2004).Relationship such as above are established in order to promote clients health and well-being. However in order to build such a relationship a nurse must behave in a professional manner. Therapeutic interaction in nursing practice is as important as giving any diagnosis, because it is the first way to impress the client as a whole. Therefore this essay shall discuss the importance of the therapeutic relationship and emotional intelligence in reflective nursing practice. To begin with, communication plays a crucial role or in other words it is the grass root of a effective therapeutic interaction with the client. The way or manner, type of tone used, and behavior showed by nurse plays crucial role in nursing. If communication with the client at first point of contact is successful, than adequate and accurate collection of information, planning, implementing, and the process of evaluation will become easier to treat the client. Looking for example in Fiji, majority of the times complaints regarding nurses are lodged because nursesShow MoreRelatedEmotional Intelligence and Reflective Practice are Integral Components of Building a Therapeutic1300 Words   |  6 PagesEmotional Intelligence and Reflective Practice are Integral Components of Building a Therapeutic Relationship in Nursing. Emotional Intelligence, also known as ‘EI’, is defined as the ability to recognize, authoritize and evaluate emotions. The ability to control and express our own emotions is very important but so is our ability to understand, interpret and respond to the emotions of others. To be emotionally intelligent one must be able to perceive emotions, reason with emotions, understand emotionsRead MoreIn all setting there are stumbling blocks to communicate ,but in the health care setting ,any1700 Words   |  7 Pageshealth care personnel to practise and use best communication skills possible(Josephson,2004).Therapeutic communication is the interchange between individual that result in desired and mutually agree upon outcome. The nurses takes responsibility for the interaction and the clients also takes priority over the nurses need. In this way the nurses maintains professional boundaries and confidentiality .A therapeutic relationship between a nurse and client does not just ha ppen, it is created with care andRead MoreTitle: â€Å"emotional intelligence and reflective practice are integral components of building a1700 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: â€Å"emotional intelligence and reflective practice are integral components of building a therapeutic relationship in nursing† â€Å"Self awareness is a state of being where you deeply understand your thoughts, emotions and behaviours and how they affect people and the world around them. When people are self aware they move beyond simply existing or reacting to their environment to deliberately living a fulfilling and meaningful life. People get to know the real of them and do things that reflect whoRead MoreThe Leadership Practice Of A Nursing Student1329 Words   |  6 PagesAs a nursing student, I have had great success forming therapeutic relationships with my clients and have received positive feedback from clinical instructors about my patient communication. However, I experience uncertainty when interacting with peers or colleagues. My lack of confidence translates into difficulty forming effective professional relationships. This assessment is reflected in my Clinical Leadership Survey as a deficit in the leadership practice of Encouraging the Heart. This practiceRead MoreNervous Process And Manife sted By Auditory Hallucinations1708 Words   |  7 Pages Nursing Diagnosis 1 Disturbed sensory perception related to schizophrenic process and manifested by auditory hallucination. Goal 1. Voices are less frequent using a scale of 1 to 10 by third week of treatment 2. Alex will be able to identify and demonstrate a technique to distract him from the voices by the sixth week of treatment Expected outcome 1. Alex states he no longer hear voices 2. Compliant with medication(s) and other treatments 3. Will be able to participate in discharge planning 4Read MoreTHERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP2921 Words   |  12 PagesDEVELOPMENT OF A THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP WITH A CLIENT In this essay, I am going to give a structured reflective account on the development of a therapeutic relationship with a client on one of my clinical placements as part of my training as a student nurse. I will be using a reflective model which explores the processes involved in developing and maintaining such relationships bearing in mind theoretical knowledge and how it applies to this clinical experience. Jasper (2003) describes reflective practiceRead MoreA Pragmatic View of Jean Watson’s Caring Theory6976 Words   |  28 PagesFaculty of Nursing Goals Provide an overview of Dr. Jean Watson’s caring theory to the nursing community. Facilitate the understanding of her work allowing nurses to readily apply this knowledge within their practice. Objectives Describe the general aspects of Watson’s caring theory. Describe how Watson’s caring theory can be applied to clinical practice. Describe the person through Watson’s caring lens. Describe the person’s health through Watson’s caring lens. Describe nursing through Watson’sRead MorePerceived Stress Levels and Stress Management Among Paramedical Students Lyceum of the Philippines University: Towards Stress Management Enhancement15005 Words   |  61 Pagessocial environment. College students, regardless of year in school, often deal with pressures related to finding a job or a potential life partner. These stressors do not cause anxiety or tension by themselves. Instead, stress results from the interaction between stressors and the individuals perception and reaction to those stressors. The amount of stress experienced may be influenced by the individuals ability to effectively cope with stressful events and situations. If stress is not dealt withRead MoreCommunication And Health And Social Care9509 Words   |  39 Pagesthinking and problem solving (Kohler, 1947) Communication is important in terms of health and social care setting. The patient and the healthcare professional needs to get the best understanding in order to provide the patient clearly about their care. Nursing is almost impossible if the patient needs are not clearly established. Communication facilitates the patient s anxiety, eliminates more opportunities for mistakes and allows each participant to know what is expected of them. Social Learning TheoryRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSelf-Awareness 46 Self-Awareness Assessment 46 Emotional Intelligence Assessment 47 The Defining Issues Test 48 v Cognitive Style Indicator 52 Locus of Control Scale 52 Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale 54 Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) 56 SKILL LEARNING 57 Key Dimensions of Self-Awareness 57 The Enigma of Self-Awareness 58 The Sensitive Line 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and

Coaching Salespeople Into Sales Champions - 110684 Words

Coaching Salespeople into Sales Champions A Tactical Playbook for Managers and Executives Keith Rosen, MCC John Wiley Sons, Inc. Praise for Coaching Salespeople into Sales Champions ‘‘Winning in sales is no different than winning in life. As someone who has done a lot of personal and professional coaching over the years, I see tremendous value for anyone who reads this book. If the reader will embrace Keith’s philosophy around coaching, they can certainly expect to win in all areas of their life, while making a profound and measurable impact on their salespeople’s performance and attitude.’’ Dr. Denis Waitley Best-Selling Author of The Seeds of Greatness and The Psychology of Winning ‘‘There is no other single activity to†¦show more content†¦Coaching Salespeople into Sales Champions is a must-read for any sales manager.’’ Robb King II, Vice President of Operations, Paul Davis Restoration, Inc. ‘‘Keith Rosen has crafted an intuitive coach’s handbook for sales executives who are looking to maximize their forceâ€℠¢s talents to generate more sales in an increasingly competitive marketplace.’’ David Thompson, CEO Co-Founder of Genius.com ‘‘Coaching Salespeople into Sales Champions is highly recommended reading for managers and executives who are looking to improve their sales organization and avoid the myriad of pitfalls that can hurt sales performance. Keith effectively addresses the burning issue regarding successful leadership and coaching sales teams, which we all know is a huge challenge in every company.’’ Razi Imam, CEO of Landslide Technologies Inc. ‘‘Keith’s high-energy seminars gave my sales team the skills and conï ¬ dence to take their process to the next level. In his latest book Coaching Salespeople into Sales Champions, Keith once again addresses ‘real world’ skills for both sales managers and salespeople. Simply put: If you want your salespeople to have the same laserfocused intensity that my sales team now has, I suggest you not only read this book, but study it and implement it!’’ Michael B. Kirven, CEO of Bluewolf Coaching Salespeople into Sales Champions A TacticalShow MoreRelatedDoor to Door Sales2052 Words   |  9 PagesOîÆ'’îÆ'’îÆ'‘îÆ'ӔÆ'â€"îÆ'â€"îÆ' Ã®Æ'‹îÆ'â€"îÆ'‹îÆ'‡îÆ'• for AîÆ'…îÆ'â€"îÆ'‹îÆ'‘îÆ'  Door-to-Door Sales The Forgotten Channel CONSUMER T he days are long gone when it was common to find a stranger on your doorstep pushing aluminum siding, brushes, or encyclopedias. Yet even today, Mary Kay’s 1.7 million â€Å"beauty consultants† still drive up in their pink cars to demonstrate and sell cosmetics to women in their homes. And in some 70 countries around the world, millions of Kirby vacuum cleaners are being sold in households that have justRead MoreBest Company for 25 Years Nordstrom3865 Words   |  16 Pagestraits and personality are important, as is a willingWeb address....................... www.nordstrom.com ness to learn. Coaching, mentoring and ongoing training are all Corporate Headquarters ....... Seattle, WA offered to help insure that new hires will transition smoothly into Year founded ...................... 90 Nordstrom’s culture and become part of the very successful sales President ........................... Blake Nordstrom force. Ninety-four percent of employees responding to the TrustRead More333 Helpful Interview Questions25702 Words   |  103 PagesPage 33 Planning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Page 36 Organizational Relationships†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Page 37 Interviewing Questions for Sales Staff Analytical Skills†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Page 39 1 Performance Standards†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 40 Learning Ability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Page 41 Sales Drive and Career Goals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Page 42 Organizational Skills†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 43 Handling Rejection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Page 44 Sales Strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 45 Customer Relations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Page 47 Cooperation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... Page 48Read MoreShort Cases19708 Words   |  79 Pages Sonik would incur additional fixed costs of $0.5 million per annum. Based on these data, which option should Sonik take? What are the risks of each option? 2. ICI FIBRES LTD. M alcolm Hand contemplated his recently established goals for sales of Terylene ® polyester fiber into the tarpaulin market. Tarpaulins are breathable waterproof covers (allowing the passage of water vapor) used mainly in the trucking industry. The British market was believed to be substantial but Terylene had madeRead MoreInside Fedex Express15684 Words   |  63 Pagesdeveloped in the early 1970s. By 1983, operations had grown immensely through expanding services, purchasing more trucks and aircraft, and raising capital. A strategy that proved to be very successful for a start-up that reached $1 billion in annual sales within ten years. Seeking to build on their strengths, FedEx created a more diversified business through a series of acquisitions. What began as domestic delivery became global delivery with the acquisition of Flying Tigers in 1989. ByInRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesCommunicating Supportively 234 Communication Styles 235 SKILL LEARNING 238 Building Positive Interpersonal Relationships 238 The Importance of Effective Communication 239 The Focus on Accuracy 240 What Is Supportive Communication? 242 Coaching and Counseling 244 Coaching and Counseling Problems 245 Defensiveness and Disconfirmation 246 Principles of Supportive Communication 247 Supportive Communication Is Based on Congruence, Not Incongruence 247 Supportive Communication Is Descriptive, Not EvaluativeRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesthe hands of medical practitioners whereas patients (the ï ¬ nal consumers) and payers (governments or insurance companies) had little knowledge or inï ¬â€šuence. As a result, medical practitioners were insensitive to price but susceptible to the efforts of sales representatives. There were two important developments in the 1970s. First, the thalidomide tragedy (where an anti-emetic given for morning sickness caused birth defects) led to much tighter regulatory This case was prepared by Sarah Holland. ItRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesQuestions 205 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 205 Case Application 8-A: The Underrated Checklist: Five Steps to Save Lives 205 Case Application 8-B: Delivering at UPS 205 Working with a Team: Orienting Employees 206 Learning an HRM Skill: Coaching Employees 206 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 207 The Socialization Process 185 The Purpose of New-Employee Orientation 186 Learning the Organization’s Culture 187 The CEO’s Role in Orientation 187 HRM’s Role in Orientation 188 It’s All inRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesas well as hard—in the new management and leadership models with a competitively strong infrastructure for sustaining its business growth. This is also the foundation for connecting with the â€Å"e-frastructure† of the Internet for the productivity and sales growth value of e-commerce and e-business. This quality-of-management emphasis is particularly critical in times like these, which combine unusual growth opportunities with the problems of significant business disconnects created by long economic expansionsRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pagesget dirty, do hard work themselves, solve problems, and produce value. 3. Operational Managers: Operationa l managers are lower-level managers who supervise the operations of the organization. These managers often have titles such as supervisor or sales manager. They are directly involved with non-management employees, implementing the specific plans developed with tactical managers. This role is critical in the organization, because operational managers are the link between management and non-management

What Are Business Ethics - 2080 Words

Business Ethics Naveed Ahmed Saleem Janvekar Introduction: The survival of an organization depends upon the integration of business codes with the societal ethics. Ethics concentrates on the general nature of morals and the specific moral choice an individual makes in relationship to others. It represents the rules and regulations governing conduct of the member of a profession. The area of focus in this essay is to explore the effects of business ethics. Business ethics are a set of moral principles and values that govern the way a person or a business behaves. Ethics involves distinguishing between â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong† and then making the â€Å"right† choice. It may fairly be easy to identify unethical behavior. However, it is not always easy to create definitions of good ethical practices. (What are business ethics?, n.d.) Potential entrepreneurs sometimes overlook business ethics because they often have other priorities, such as business ideas, advertising and financial matters to consider. However, business ethics have a more powerful influence on the existence of a business operation than most people think as it creates a positive image of a company and increases the credibility. Practicing business ethics increases the overall profitability of the business and hence adding to the growth of the company. However, flouting business ethics could lead to serious damage to the company’s reputation and decreasing a company’s profitability by losing out on itsShow MoreRelatedWhat is Business Ethics?741 Words   |  3 Pages In today’s business world businesses face the challenge of doing the right thing over doing the profitable thing more than ever before. For many years the sole purpose of business was to be make profits for the shareholders. This view has now been changed. The propriety of business actions is being challenged by the modern day consumer. One of the major issues or opportunities (depending on which way one may see it) is the issue of ‘going-green’. Consumers in today’s society have access to a largeRead MoreWhat Is Business Ethics?1294 Words   |  6 PagesMIS 6308 – Assignment: Business Ethics Essay (50 points) What is business ethics? Business ethics can be understood as codes that define the actions and behavior of the employees in an institution. Standards are set by every company to define what is accepted as ‘Right’ and each employee is expected to abide by these standards. For a business to run successfully it is important to abide by the set of standards that are defined. Companies around the world observe these ethical principles strictly;Read MoreWhat Is Business Ethics? Essay1117 Words   |  5 PagesA. Ethics In business everyone has the power with their ability to spend an amount of money. People have the capacity to change situations in which many individual does not. As an organization may affect some people, they might have the obligations to their employees, consumers, community and the outside world. They have the responsibility to manage or control the business in a way that it will not harm, positively the benefits like people as possible and themselves. This can be simple, thereRead MoreWhat Is Ethics in Business2390 Words   |  10 PagesWhat is Ethics in Business? In general, personal ethics can be described as the moral guidelines each of us uses in our daily lives. It is these guidelines which govern how we behave including how we speak and act towards others in our everyday interactions no matter if they are face to face, by way of telephone or in writing. Much the same can be said for ethics in business. Business ethics are the moral philosophies and written rules of conduct which govern how the business treats not only itsRead More What Are Business Ethics? Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness ethics; what does it really mean? Some say it’s an oxymoron and the two words can’t exist together as a concept. These people will tell you that within business, there is no room for ethics and ethical behavior. Others will explain the need for businesses to practice good ethical and moral values within their company, and the importance of this to our society. For me, in the past, I honestly never gave the idea or term a second tho ught. Now after learning so much of business in our societyRead MoreWhat Is Business Ethics? The Public Interest1047 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Responsibility Executive Summary Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gain a considerable amount of attention in recent years. Much of this has been driven by the publics expectations of their products to be produced under ethical business models. With the aid of technology consumers are becoming more aware of the operations that are responsible for the products they buy. Therefore the pressure for maintaining a CSR program has come from multiple sources. This paper will provide aRead MoreWhat Drives Ethics Education For Business Schools? Influences On Ethics709 Words   |  3 Pages What Drives Ethics Education in Business Schools? Influences on Ethics in the MBA Curriculum Rasche, A., Gilbert, D. U. (2013, January). What Drives Ethics Education in Business Schools? Influences on Ethics in the MBA Curriculum. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 1, 2013, pages 1-31). Academy of Management. Introducing week’s one entry I chose the title article above, â€Å"What Drives Ethics Education in Business Schools? Influences on Ethics in the MBA Curriculum.† This articleRead MoreWhat Are The Differences Of Ethics In Chinese Business?963 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent organizations such as the American Psychological Association (APA, 2017), the American Counseling Association (ACA, 2014), and may also be provided for specific industries or organizations. These codes of ethics can be used as a way to demonstrate differences in perception of ethics from one country to another, but are only guidelines rather than exhaustive rules or regulations. However, these are American institutions, which may be helpful for TMI in understanding differences between the USRead MoreWhat Are Ethics And Their Importance? Global Banking And Business Today? Essay963 Words   |  4 Pages1. What are ethics and their importance in global banking and business today? Ethics are an extremely important in today’s day and age, especially in the global banking and business industries. As far as banking goes, there have been many scandals and this has all been caused by low morals. The morals that are displayed and acted upon by every countries financial sector have been shown to drive the economy and as displayed by the 2008 financial crisis, it is self-evident that a lack of morals canRead MoreOp 10 Principles For Positive Business Ethics Essay799 Words   |  4 Pagesop 10 Principles for Positive Business Ethics By Philip E. Humbert | Submitted On January 04, 2005 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 10 Share this article on Twitter 2 Share this article on Google+ 2 Share this article on Linkedin 2 Share this article on StumbleUpon 1 Share this article on Delicious 2 Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit 1 Share this article on Pinterest 2 This morning, I read about a company using on-line auctions

Alternative Energy Essay - 1084 Words

Modern society is characterized by convenience; convenience supplied by oil. Whether it be to fuel cars, to make plastic for hair dryers, or to paint a wall, most everything found in use today depends on this black gold. Although petroleum ’s variety of uses has made life convenient, this convenience has lead to an extreme use of oil, and it is now leading to its depletion. Although billions of barrels of oil remain in worldwide reserves, the United States needs to invest in replacing petroleum with alternative energy sources because readily available oil reserves are running out and other sources are more difficult to access and use . Oil remains plentiful in the world, as new reserves are constantly being discovered, and technology†¦show more content†¦Conventional sources of oil, which are easily accessed and readily available reservoirs, currently supply nearly all of the world’s oil. As these reservoirs are drained and are found less and less often, h owever, people turn to different sources to acquire oil. In the past, these conventional sources have been found close to the Earth’s surface, where drilling is cheap, and the raw material gained is easily processed. To be able to continue producing oil, some are looking below thousands of feet of water, which makes pumping both risky and costly, with relatively petroleum little produced. The disastrous effects of using drilling for such reservoirs have been seen in the Gulf of Mexico, where the sheer depth of the drilling prevented a huge oil leak from being contained for months. Conventional oil production is on its decline, simply due to that fact that it is running out or difficult to access . As these readily available, conventional sources run out, some hope to turn to unconventional sources, but these are incapable of replacing conventional sources of oil and have major environmental impacts. Unlike conventional oil sources, unconventional oil is not so convenien t. Unconventional oil sources encompass sources such as tar sands and oil shale, where almost all of the remaining trillions of barrels of oil are. These are easy to access, but are difficult to process. In both cases, shale or tar sand, the amount of the usable parts of the oil, which areShow MoreRelatedAlternative Energy1688 Words   |  7 PagesAre alternative energy sources the answer to ending human dependence on oil? September 24, 2012 Are alternative energy sources the answer to ending human dependence on oil? Right now there is no one substitute for oil because we use it for a variety of things. We can use alternative sources in areas to preserve or conserve our usage of oil. We use to use wood for fires and light. Then in the industrial revolution we began to use coal. â€Å"Coal can provide much more energy over longer periods thanRead More Hydropower as an Alternative Energy Source Essay841 Words   |  4 PagesHydropower as an Alternative Energy Source Water provides a very valuable resource. We use dams built to run water through turbines and produce electricity. There are many advantages and disadvantages to hydropower, though there are more advantages. It is reasonable inexpensive to maintain, and is a clean source. There are issues with dams blocking fish swimming in the river, but there are ways to help them. Hydropower is well balanced between the electricity needs and the needs of the environmentRead MoreAlternative Energy And Renewable Energy1668 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the 20th and 21st century, our knowledge about the environment and energy has steadily grown, as well as our dependence on them. Nowadays, power and electricity are in every facet of our daily lives. Due to this, we overlook several negative effects our traditional use of fossil fuels have caused. Fossil fuels are fuel deposits that were formed hundreds of millions of years ago, which is where the term fossil fuels come from. The two most common fos sil fuels currently in use are coal andRead MoreAlternative Energy : Renewable Energy1785 Words   |  8 Pagescurrent energy usage, which is fossil fuels, is not sustainable and carries negative effects to the environment. However nothing is perfect, even renewable energy has its fair share of disadvantages. Can alternative (reusable) energy sources such as nuclear, hydrogen, biofuels or solar energy meet the energy demands needed by humans to carry out their everyday tasks such as electricity, commuting, and so on better than fossil fuels such as coal and oil which creates a mast amount of energy today.Read MoreAlternative Energy : Alternative Fuels2099 Words   |  9 PagesAlternative Energy If America makes the change to renewable fuels, it could take hundreds of years to undo the indirect damage that will be triggered. The amount of pollution that would be emitted by harvesting new fuels is as devastating as not switching at all (Grunwald). The processes for acquiring these alternatives create pollution that will destroy our environment. It is counterproductive to use renewable energy, if it does not enhance the current situation. Many people are supportive ofRead MoreAlternative Energy: Solar Energy1323 Words   |  5 PagesIn the world today, alternative energy source which is an alternative to fossil fuel and nuclear energy is becoming more and more of a necessity. Right now, the world’s population growth has caused an increase in the energy demand. Rosenberg (2009) pointed out that the world’s current growth rate is about 1.14%, representing a doubling time of 61 years. OECDs International Energy Agency[IEA] (2014) found that from 2011 to 2035 th e world energy demand is likely to rise by more than two-thirds. ThoughRead MoreAlternative Energy Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesModern alternative energy generation methods are limited by several factors including efficiency, inability to respond to sudden changes in power demand, and susceptibility to environmental events. In 2010 the leading renewable energy sources were hydro-electric, wind, bioenergy, geothermal, and solar Photo Voltaic (PV)[1]. Of these, hydroelectric made up 82% of the renewable resource energy generation, while the other means all contributed about equally. These relationships can be seen clearly inRead MoreNew And Alternative Sources Of Energy1311 Words   |  6 Pages Today s society uses enormous amounts of energy. *The shadow of our presence on this planet is a result of generations upon generations of production and utilization of energy*. New and alternative sources of energy are being developed to replace the declining accessibility of coal and fossil fuels. Use of renewable energy is a key component in combatting the climate change that has become a major issue in the 21st century. Reducing our impact on the climate as a result of greenhouse gas emissionsRead MoreAlternative Energy : Renewable Energy966 Words   |  4 PagesAlternative Energy. What is it? Alternative energy: energy generated in ways that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment, avoiding the use of fossil fuels and nuclear power (Google Definition). ALternative energy is the way to go: it is cleaner than Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Power, it works with the environment, and is benefitial to the community. First off, the majority of the world, 80% of the United States uses Nuclear power or Fossil Fuels as a source of energy and electricityRead MoreImplementation Of Geothermal Energy As An Alternative Energy1459 Words   |  6 PagesTitle : Implementation Of Geothermal Energy As An Alternative Energy AHMAD HAFIZUDDIN BIN ISMAIL (EC15132) FIRDAUS BIN MAT SHUKRI (EC15133) MUHAMMAD SUHAIMI BIN MOKHTAH (EC) AMAR FAISSAL BIN KAMARUDDIN (EC15134) Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG (UMP), 26600 PEKAN, PAHANG, MALAYSIA Abstract This report presents an alternative energy is any energy source that from fossil fuel. We need to turn to alternative energy in general. Firstly, we were in danger

The Destructive Growth of Alcoholism in America Free Essays

Drinking alcohol has become a past-time for teenagers and adults during weekends. People drink to relax, feel more confident or to forget temporarily any worries that they currently have. Everyone knows that alcohol in moderation do not harm one’s body or society at large. We will write a custom essay sample on The Destructive Growth of Alcoholism in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now The problem lies when drinking becomes uncontrollable and excessive. The social, health and mortality problems associated with alcohol have been perceived as early as 1920’s, which was when the Temperance Movement started. The consumption of alcohol began in 1600-1700. People drank alcohol because they had no other alternative. The milk was unpasteurized and the water was unsanitary. In addition, the price of tea and coffee did not fit the budget of most people. According to the article What in American’s history could lead to prohibition, â€Å"the average American was drinking 7 gallons of pure alcohol. † During the early years of the American colony, drunkenness was not viewed as offensive. The History of Alcohol article enumerated how people in the colonies â€Å"showed little concern over drunkenness, [in fact] spirituous liquors had become the greatest factors in colonial commerce. † Later on, the demand for alcohol created Saloons where people could drink and take part in different form of vices. The History of Alcohol article stated that â€Å"[i]t was not uncommon to find one saloon for every 150 or 200 Americans, including those who did not drink. Hard-pressed to earn profits, saloon keepers sometimes introduced vices such as gambling and prostitution into their establishments in an attempt to earn profits. † However, people soon realized that alcohol drinkers acted differently and far worse after they have consumed liquor. Prohibition or temperance, which simply meant a â€Å"reduction or elimination of the use of alcoholic beverages,† was enacted to combat these â€Å"social ills† that were developing due to the effects of alcohol. Hence, according to the History of Alcohol, â€Å"[i]n 1920 America saw prohibition in an effort to prevent the social problems caused by alcohol abuse. † Thornton, an economics professor, expressed that during 1920-1933, â€Å"national prohibition of alcohol [in the US was a] ‘noble experiment’- undertaken to reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, reduce the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses, and improve health and hygiene in America. † Supporters of the Temperance Movement firmly believed that alcohol had â€Å" addictive properties. † In addition, the History of Alcohol stated that â€Å"the Temperance movement swept across the United States preaching that alcohol was immoral and destroyed family life. † The same article also says that the benevolent intentions of the Temperance Movement finally materialized when the government included the ban on alcohol in the 18th Amendment, which took away the business licenses of â€Å"brewers, distillers, vintners, and the wholesale and retail sellers,† of the Constitution. Despite genuine concern about the negative effects of alcohol, liquor cannot be eliminated from the market. The History of Alcohol states that people started to bootleg alcohol from Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean- since Americans were prohibited from producing liquor- to cater to their growing customers. Organized crime was established to meet the increasing demand of the public for the prohibited product. According to the What in American’s history could lead to prohibition article, the illegal nature of alcohol led â€Å"criminal organizations [to] resort to real crimes in defense of sales territories, brand names, and labor contracts. † Eventually, the government realized that their efforts only increased the reliance on alcohol and made the social ills imposed by it more severe. Therefore, they repealed prohibition in 1933. Even though the Temperance Movement was dissolved, the criminal groups that were formed out of it still remained intact. These groups â€Å"branched out into narcotics, gambling, prostitution, loan sharking and extortion, concerns they still control today,† according to The History of Alcohol article. Moreover, societal problems incurred from alcohol also affect family dynamics. Parents who constantly drink might end up spending more time outside the house and neglect their responsibilities to their children and spouse. Thus, the article entitled Scientific Facts on Alcohol brought up the point that â€Å"[d]rinking can impair how a person performs as a parent, [and] a partner as well. † Likewise, the Scientific Facts on Alcoholic indicated that â€Å"[t]he financial costs of alcohol purchase†¦ can leave other family members destitute. † This is because parents may end up using their salary to sustain their habit to the extent that their children become hungry in the process. Children of alcoholics may not be adequately taken care of as well because their basic needs, such as clothing and shelter, are not provided for because indulgence in the habit makes their parents lose focus on what is important in their lives. The detrimental effects of alcohol become exacerbated to the point that it manifests itself in physical violence or abuse towards other people. A relationship might be jeopardized because the man, as is usually the case, beats up his wife or girlfriend after consuming immense amount of liquor. The wife or girlfriend has a toleration limit in allowing this kind of dismal treatment. After awhile, she is bound to leave him if the behavior does not stop or improve. Information contained in the Alcohol and Women article provided by Loyola Marymount University states that â€Å"57% of female victims [experience] intimate violence (i. e. , current or former spouses, boyfriends, etc. ) [and] reported that the offender had been drinking at the time of the offense. [While] 62% of female victims of alcohol-related violence reported experiencing some form of injury. † Unfortunately, these victimized women have a high likelihood of sticking by their man. As a result, they may end up drinking as well to deal with the abuse that they experience. Furthermore, the article entitled Alcohol, Violence, and Aggression notes that aggressive behavior of alcohol drinkers’ result in â€Å"86 percent of homicide offenders, 37 percent of assault offenders, 60 percent of sexual offenders, up to 57 percent of men and 27 percent of women involved in marital violence, and 13 percent of child abusers. † Excessive alcohol drinkers engage in such actions because according to the Alcohol, Violence, and Aggression article, alcohol has been known to weake[n] brain mechanisms that normally restrain impulsive behaviors, including inappropriate aggression. By impairing information processing, alcohol can also lead a person to misjudge social cues, thereby overreacting to a perceived threat. Simultaneously, a narrowing of attention may lead to an inaccurate assessment of the future risks of acting on an immediate violent impulse. Besides aggressive behavior that is exhibited due to the lessening of inhibition, ease of interaction amongst a group of people also ensues. Thus, men usually drink with acquaintances or colleagues at work to develop rapport and comradeship. Hence, the Alcohol and the Workplace article indicate that â€Å"[s]tudies of male-dominated occupations have described heavy drinking cultures in which workers use drinking to build solidarity and show conformity to the group. † On the contrary, alcohol can be harmful in the workplace when an individual’s job performance suffers. Limitless alcohol consumption can result in people suffering from a hangover the following day, which affects and hampers concentration, memory and motor skill. Thus, the Alcohol and the Workplace article state that hangover has a positive correlation between â€Å"the frequency of feeling sick at work, sleeping on the job, and having problems with job tasks or co-workers. † The same article also mentions that productivity losses are attributed to alcohol. Performance at work may be affected both by the volume and pattern of drinking. Co-workers perceive that heavy drinkers have lower performance, problems in personal relationships and lack of self-direction, though drinkers themselves do not necessarily perceive effects on their work performance. In addition, the aforementioned article also explains that There is ample evidence that people with alcohol dependence and drinking problems are on sick leave more frequently than other employees, with a significant cost to employees, employers, and social security systems†¦. Therefore, constant and excessive alcohol consumption can negatively affect work performance. Persistent pattern of alcohol drinking becomes a problem because it does not enable the employee to finish tasks, has a drastic effect on one’s output at work and will hurt the company in the long-run if an employee repeatedly accumulates absences. Nevertheless, the negative impact of alcohol on someone’s means of livelihood is still not enough to detract people from taking it. Writer Caroline Ryan of BBC News says that the reason being is alcohol triggers the internal composition of our body. Alcohol releases dopamine which â€Å"which produces feelings of satisfaction. It also increases the production of the brain’s natural painkiller – endorphin – which scientists think could be the means by which the brain becomes trained to crave†¦. Scientists believe this effect is part of the development of tolerance to, and dependence on, alcohol. † Also, excessive alcohol drinking can contribute to health issues. According to Dr. Berman, alcohol can either directly or indirectly cause: cancers of the mouth, throat, liver, larynx, and esophagus; stomach ulcers and bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract; pancreatitis; cirrhosis of the liver; hypertension; cardiac arrhythmias; congestive heart failure; peripheral nerve problems; increased susceptibility to infections. Nissl, author of Alcohol and Drug Problems, also indicates that â€Å"[l]ong-term heavy drinking damages the nervous system, heart, and brain. It also can lead to stomach problems, medicine interactions, sexual problems, osteoporosis†¦ † While an article entitled Alcohol Myth says that sparse drinking will still result in the â€Å"slow[ing] down [of] the heart rate, lower[ing] [of] your blood pressure, and slow[ing] [of] your breathing rate. † Also, food digestion is inhibited from fully functioning. The Alcohol and Nutrition article exhibits that alcohol interferes with the nutritional process by affecting digestion, storage, utilization, and excretion of nutrients†¦ Alcohol inhibits the breakdown of nutrients into usable molecules†¦ Alcohol impairs nutrient absorption by damaging the cells lining the stomach and intestines and disabling transport of some nutrients into the blood†¦ Even if nutrients are digested and absorbed, alcohol can prevent them from being fully utilized by altering their transport, storage, and excretion†¦ alcohol can impair the mechanisms by which the body controls blood glucose levels, resulting in either increased or decreased blood glucose. Again, the said article also explains that lack of nutrients can result in deficiencies that can lead to â€Å"severe and permanent effects on brain function. Specifically, thiamine deficiencies, often seen in alcoholics, [which] can cause severe neurological problems such as impaired movement and memory loss. † It is also a fact that mental and emotionally faculties can also be affected. According to Green Facts, anxiety, fear and depression are common problems encountered by family members of an alcoholic and the alcoholic himself. For alcoholics, the Why Do People Drink Alcohol article discusses that alcohol intake actually causes depression since alcohol is a depressant. While feelings of a depressed person is magnified two-folds when depression medicine stays in the system at the same time that alcohol is in one’s body. Despite the health risks involve with excessive alcohol consumption, some women may still engage in the act even when they are pregnant. According to Nemours Foundation, â€Å"[i]t’s estimated that each year in the United States, 1 in every 750 infants is born with a pattern of physical, developmental, and functional problems referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), while another 40,000 are born with fetal alcohol effects (FAE). † Fetal Alcohol Syndrome results in birth defects in infants that can debilitate or permanently damage one’s normal capabilities and functioning. Indeed, alcohol can become toxic when there is too much of it. Infinite amount of liquor can be the cause of death for a relatively few people. This unfortunate incident is known as alcohol poisoning, also called acute alcohol intoxication. The Alcohol Myth article explains that in this specific instance, alcohol acts as a poison that attacks the body and results in death. On a lighter note, a mild form of sleep disturbance can be induced by alcohol especially among college students who usually have the notion that â€Å"alcohol is not as bad as what people claim it to be. † The Alcohol and Sleep article points out that â€Å"[t]he more one drinks, the faster the person will fall asleep, but the likelihood of sleep disturbances increases. Alcohol consumed up to 6 hours before bedtime can affect sleep patterns. † And we are all aware that lack of sleep can make a person feel easily irritated and unfocused on the tasks at hand. Also, we should not exclude the fact that financial costs can dampen one’s available resources. According to Estimating the Economic Cost of Alcohol Abuse article, the health cost of alcohol dependence behavior which include medical, alcohol abuse and dependence treatment does not come cheap. Furthermore, hospital bills and medical inconvenience does not end there. Accidents caused by drunk driving, which endanger public safety, can accrue more damages to the physical and financial well-being of a person. Also, mental irregularities can happen when an alcoholic attempts to commit suicide. According to Women and Alcohol article, â€Å"40% of alcoholic women attempted to commit suicide, compared to 8. 8% of non-alcoholic women. [While] [y]ounger women who are alcoholics are nearly twice as likely to attempt to commit suicide (50. 5%) than older women who are alcoholics (25. 5%). † Tendencies like this transpire because a person is emotionally unstable. The main reason why alcoholics turn to alcohol for comfort is to numb their feelings or to forget their problems. They fail to realize that trying to forget about their unpleasant situation is only fleeting and does not solve anything in the long-run. For instance, the Why Do People Drink Alcohol article explains that drinking alcohol to deal with a break up or death in one’s family â€Å"delays the healing process because the people aren’t giving themselves a chance to heal. † This is because they are not confronting their problem and letting themselves experience emotions that naturally surface in this kind of circumstance. Hence, the behavior that they are engaging in-regularly drinking loads of alcohol-does not help them at all even though they will like to think so otherwise. Thus, immense alcohol consumption may unfortunately lead to death. According to Dr. Berman, the â€Å"third leading cause of mortality in the United States, and is responsible for approximately 100,000 preventable deaths per year,† is alcohol. Hence, premature death due to excessive alcohol consumption is within our ability to control and avoid from happening. Also, if death does not occur due to reckless driving, diseases that take over the body gradually-as was mentioned earlier- can also take away one’s life. If an alcoholic somehow manages to stay out of harm’s way, alcohol can contribute to risky behaviors like unprotected sexual activity, use of tobacco and illegal drugs. The article entitled Alcohol: An Addictive Drug tackles the fact that alcohol â€Å"is frequently the entry-level drug that leads to harder drugs, such as cocaine and heroin. † These acts that may seem â€Å"harmless†-especially to those actively taking part in the habit- cost the government money because they shoulder any expense that is brought up. This is because effective law enforcement has to be increased and strengthened via mandatory regular training to deal with misdemeanors. Also, according to Estimating the Economic Cost of Alcohol Abuse article, other parts of society are involved like the â€Å"criminal justice system, social welfare administration-† just to name a few- to ensure that society is not greatly troubled by the reckless behavior that alcoholics enact. Overall, limitation and prohibition of alcohol will never be successful as demonstrated by the Temperance Movement. This is because people find ways to get around the system and defy laws that go against what they want to do with their personal lives. The key to the problems that alcohol presents is not to eliminate the source of the problem, in this case alcohol itself, but to educate young people about the adverse effects that alcohol places on them and on society as a whole. Also, tough enforcement of established laws regarding alcohol should be done. In addition, assistance should be available and given to alcoholics so that violence, alcohol craving and health issues that they have are addressed in a timely manner. Finally, people should keep in mind that alcohol does not solve anything. It only creates or increases the existing problems that one faces. Additionally, people have the power to change the glamorized notions about alcohol consumption-how it is the â€Å"in† thing to do because all the â€Å"cool† kids are doing it- and its supposed positive effects which mostly deals with a smoother social interaction with other people. The media plays a crucial role in changing this persistent view. The media should stress-via their print publication, billboard ads, television and radio programs- that the negative impact of alcohol outweighs any positive impact that may be derived from it. Also, it is essential that alcoholics are aided in finding ways to control their urges and direct it to an outlet that will be more beneficial for them. It will also be important to make people aware that proper and moderate alcohol consumption is an obligation that they should perform and abide by at all times because it is for their best interest. Hence, alcohol regulations serve people by protecting their well-being. References â€Å"Alcohol and Sleep. † (2006). Loyola Marymount University. http://www. lmu. edu/PageFactory. aspx? PageID=25070 â€Å"Alcohol and the Nutrition. † October 1993. Alcohol Alert. 22. 29 January 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. http://www. medhelp. org/NIHlib/GF-171. html â€Å"Alcohol and the Workplace. † July 1999. Alcohol Alert. 44. 29 January 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. http://www. medhelp. org/NIHlib/GF-153. html â€Å"Alcohol Myths. † (2006). Loyola Marymount University. 30 January 2008. http://www. lmu. edu/PageFactory. aspx? PageID=25073 â€Å"Alcohol, Violence, and Aggression. † October 1997. Alcohol Alert. 38. 29 January 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. http://www. medhelp. org/NIHlib/GF-157. html Berman, James. January 2003. â€Å"Alcohol and drug addiction†. University of Pennsylvania Health System. 29 January 2008 http://www. pennhealth. com/feature/jan03/index. html â€Å"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. † 2008. Nemours Foundation. 30 January 2008. http://www. kidshealth. org/parent/medical/brain/fas. html â€Å"History of Alcohol. † (n. d). 30 January 2008 http://www. portfolio. mvm. ed. ac. uk/studentwebs/session3/50/History. htm Nissl, Ian. 23 February 2007. â€Å"Alcohol and Drug Problems. † Peace Health. 29 January 2008. http://www. peacehealth. org/kbase/topic/symptom/alcpb/overview. htm Ryan, Caroline. Why alcohol is addictive. 15 March 2004. BBC News. 30 January 2008. http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/health/3537387. stm â€Å"Scientific Facts on Alcohol. † (2008). Green Facts. 29 January 2008. http://www. greenfacts. org/en/alcohol/l-3/05-social-economic-problems. htm#1p0 â€Å"The History of Alcohol. † (2005). Drug-Rehabs. org 30 January 2008. http://www. drug- rehabs. org/alcoholhistory. php Thornton, M. (1991). â€Å"Alcohol prohibition was a failure. † CATO institute. 30 January 2008. http://www. cato. org/pub_display. php? pub_id=1017 Walters, G. D. (2002). The heritability of alcohol abuse and dependence: a meta-analysis of behavior genetic research. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 28(3), 557- 584. â€Å"What in American’s history could lead to prohibition? † (n. d). 30 January 2008. http://www. albany. edu/~wm731882/what_in_americas_history_caused_prohibition_final. html Why Do People Drink Alcohol? (n. d) 30 January 2008. http://www. apas. org. uk/why_people_drink. htm Women and Alcohol. (2006). Loyola Marymount University. 30 January 2008. http://www. lmu. edu/PageFactory. aspx? PageID=25069 Alcoholism in America I. History of Alcohol A. lack of other drink alternatives B. American Revolution C. Emergence of Saloons D. Temperance Movement 1. Definition of Temperance 2. Reasons for the movement 3. Problem with Temperance II. Personal Problem with Alcohol now A. Family problem 1. ineffective parent 2. money spent on alcohol instead B. Violence 1. between partners a. statistical information b. victimized women 2. statistics of criminal offenses C. Alcohol at the workplace 1. reason to bond especially with men 2. negative effect on work performance a. productivity b. absence D. Alcohol Cravings E. health problem 1. damages parts of the body 2. slows down bodily functions 3. interferes with digestion process 4. nutritional deficiencies 5. mental health problem 6. fetal alcohol syndrome 7. alcohol poisoning 8. sleep disturbances 9. health related costs F. Accidents 1. different damages accrued 2. suicide statistical evidence G. Deaths 1. statistical evidence III. Other negative effects of alcohol A. Vices associated with alcohol B. Government expenditures Note cards page â€Å"Alcohol, like nicotine and marijuana, is frequently the entry-level drug that leads to harder drugs, such as cocaine and heroin. † â€Å"Alcohol: An Addictive Drug. † (2006). Covenant Health. 30 January 2008. http://www. covenanthealth. com/features/health/substance/SUBS4431. cfm The nutrients from digested food are absorbed from the intestines into the blood and carried to the liver. The liver prepares nutrients either for immediate use or for storage and future use. Alcohol inhibits the breakdown of nutrients into usable molecules by decreasing secretion of digestive enzymes from the pancreas (2). Alcohol impairs nutrient absorption by damaging the cells lining the stomach and intestines and disabling transport of some nutrients into the blood (3). In addition, nutritional deficiencies themselves may lead to further absorption problems. For example, folate deficiency alters the cells lining the small intestine, which in turn impairs absorption of water and nutrients including glucose, sodium, and additional folate (3). Even if nutrients are digested and absorbed, alcohol can prevent them from being fully utilized by altering their transport, storage, and excretion†¦ Even when food intake is adequate, alcohol can impair the mechanisms by which the body controls blood glucose levels, resulting in either increased or decreased blood glucose (glucose is the body’s principal sugar)†¦ â€Å"Alcohol and the Nutrition. † October 1993. Alcohol Alert. 22. 29 January 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. http://www. medhelp. org/NIHlib/GF-171. html â€Å"Disturbances of sleep lead to fatigue and sleepiness during the day. The more one drinks, the faster the person will fall asleep, but the likelihood of sleep disturbances increases. Alcohol consumed up to 6 hours before bedtime can affect sleep patterns, increasingthe longevity of disturbances alcohol causes in the body’s sleep cycles. † â€Å"Alcohol and Sleep. † (2006). Loyola Marymount University. http://www. lmu. edu/PageFactory. aspx? PageID=25070 â€Å"Studies of male-dominated occupations have described heavy drinking cultures in which workers use drinking to build solidarity and show conformity to the group (4,5). Some male-dominated occupations therefore tend to have high rates of heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems. † â€Å"Alcohol and the Workplace. † July 1999. Alcohol Alert. 44. 29 January 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. http://www. medhelp. org/NIHlib/GF-153. html Myth: â€Å"The worst thing that can happen is that I’ll pass out and have a hangover tomorrow. â€Å" The fact is that death can and does occur from drinking too much alcohol. This is known as alcohol poisoning or acute alcohol intoxication and occurs when the level of alcohol in the body acts as a poison, causing death from the drug overdose. Another way that alcohol can cause death is due to alcohol related accidents, such as drunk driving, falls, and suicide. Myth: â€Å"People pass out from drinking all the time. It’s nothing to worry about. â€Å"†¦ Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that works to slow down the heart rate, lower your blood pressure, and slow your breathing rate. Once your brain has been depressed enough by the alcohol, you pass out. â€Å"Alcohol Myths. † (2006). Loyola Marymount University. 30 January 2008. http://www. lmu. edu/PageFactory. aspx? PageID=25073 â€Å"Based on published studies, Roizen (3) summarized the percentages of violent offenders who were drinking at the time of the offense as follows: up to 86 percent of homicide offenders, 37 percent of assault offenders, 60 percent of sexual offenders, up to 57 percent of men and 27 percent of women involved in marital violence, and 13 percent of child abusers†¦. Direct Effects of Alcohol. Alcohol may encourage aggression or violence by disrupting normal brain function. According to the disinhibition hypothesis, for example, alcohol weakens brain mechanisms that normally restrain impulsive behaviors, including inappropriate aggression (5). By impairing information processing, alcohol can also lead a person to misjudge social cues, thereby overreacting to a perceived threat (6). Simultaneously, a narrowing of attention may lead to an inaccurate assessment of the future risks of acting on an immediate violent impulse (7)† â€Å"Alcohol, Violence, and Aggression. † October 1997. Alcohol Alert. 38. 29 January 2008. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. http://www. medhelp. org/NIHlib/GF-157. html The Dangers of Alcohol Alcohol is the third leading cause of mortality in the United States, and is responsible for approximately 100,000 preventable deaths per year†¦. alcohol abuse can cause long term problems in virtually every organ system in your body including: 4. Cancers of the mouth, throat, larynx, and esophagus 5. Stomach ulcers and bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract 6. Pancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, and liver cancer 7. Hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure 8. Sexual dysfunction, including loss of libido and impotence 9. Peripheral nerve problems 10. Increased susceptibility to infections Berman, James. January 2003. â€Å"Alcohol and drug addiction†. University of Pennsylvania Health System. 29 January 2008 http://www. pennhealth. com/feature/jan03/index. html Alcohol (wine, beer, or liquor) is the leading known preventable cause of mental and physical birth defects in the United States. When a woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy, she risks giving birth to a child who will pay the price — in mental and physical deficiencies — for his or her entire life. Yet many pregnant women do drink alcohol. It’s estimated that each year in the United States, 1 in every 750 infants is born with a pattern of physical, developmental, and functional problems referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), while another 40,000 are born with fetal alcohol effects (FAE). â€Å"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. † 2008. Nemours Foundation. 30 January 2008. http://www. kidshealth. org/parent/medical/brain/fas. html In the 1890 the Temperance movement swept across the United States preaching that alcohol was immoral and destroyed family life. This movement radically altered peoples views†¦ In 1920 America saw prohibition in an effort to prevent the social problems caused by alcohol abuse. This caused a surge in gangster brawls as gangs fought to take control of distributing alcohol on the black market†¦. However, this trend slowly started to alter as physicians started to link alcohol to a number of diseases and social problems. By the early 1900 Dr Rush documented the addictive behaviour of alcohol and in 1935 Alcoholic Anonymous was set up. â€Å"History of Alcohol. † (n. d). 30 January 2008 http://www. portfolio. mvm. ed. ac. uk/studentwebs/session3/50/History. htm Alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death in teenagers. People who drink alcohol are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behavior, have poor grades or job performance, use tobacco products, and experiment with illegal drugs. Long-term heavy drinking damages the liver, nervous system, heart, and brain. It also can lead to high blood pressure, stomach problems, medicine interactions, sexual problems, osteoporosis, and cancer. Nissl, Ian. 23 February 2007. â€Å"Alcohol and Drug Problems. † Peace Health. 29 January 2008. http://www. peacehealth. org/kbase/topic/symptom/alcpb/overview. htm â€Å"Alcohol triggers the release of dopamine – a chemical which produces feelings of satisfaction. It also increases the production of the brain’s natural painkiller – endorphin – which scientists think could be the means by which the brain becomes trained to crave. † Ryan, Caroline. Why alcohol is addictive. 15 March 2004. BBC News. 30 January 2008. http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/health/3537387. stm 73% reported feelings of anxiety, fear, and depression†¦ Heavy drinking at the workplace may potentially lower productivity. Sickness absences associated with harmful use of alcohol and alcohol dependence entails a substantial cost to employees and social security systems. There is ample evidence that people with alcohol dependence and problem drinkers have higher rates of sickness absence than other employees†¦. lower performance, lack of self-direction and problems in personal relations were found to be related to heavy drinking, particularly when collateral reports were used. †¦ alcoholism has had adverse impacts on productivity in the workplace and increased absenteeism†¦. It is estimated that drinking and alcoholism have reduced labor productivity by some 10%†¦ Drinking can impair performance as a parent, as spouse or partner, and as a contributor to household functioning†¦. In many societies, drinking may be carried out primarily outside the family and the home†¦. Drinking also costs money and can impact upon resources particularly of a poor family, leaving other family members destitute. Scientific Facts on Alcohol. † (2008). Green Facts. 29 January 2008. http://www. greenfacts. org/en/alcohol/l-3/05-social-economic-problems. htm#1p0 Americans during the time of the American Revolution, for the most part showed little concern over drunkenness, and spiritous liquors had become the greatest factors in colonial commerce†¦. To expand the sale of beer, brewers expanded the number of saloons. Saloons proliferated. It was not uncommon to find one saloon for every 150 or 200 Americans, including those who did not drink. Hard-pressed to earn profits, saloonkeepers sometimes introduced vices such as gambling and prostitution into their establishments in an attempt to earn profits. Many Americans considered saloons offensive, noxious institutions†¦ Prohibition in the United States was a measure designed to reduce drinking by eliminating the businesses that manufactured, distributed, and sold alcoholic beverages. The Eighteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution took away license to do business from the brewers, distillers, vintners, and the wholesale and retail sellers of alcoholic beverages†¦. The bootleggers (named after the practice adopted by travelers in the Midwest in the 1880’s, who concealed liquor in their boots when trading with Indians) began by importing booze over the Mexican and Canadian borders, and from the Caribbean†¦ When Prohibition was repealed in 1933, an elaborate syndicate of organized crime, built on the multi-million dollar bootlegging industry, had survived. The American Mafia branched out into narcotics, gambling, prostitution, loan sharking and extortion, concerns they still control today. â€Å"The History of Alcohol. † (2005). Drug-Rehabs. org 30 January 2008. http://www. drug- rehabs. org/alcoholhistory. php â€Å"National prohibition of alcohol (1920-33)–the â€Å"noble experiment†Ã¢â‚¬â€œwas undertaken to reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, reduce the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses, and improve health and hygiene in America. The results of that experiment clearly indicate that it was a miserable failure on all counts. † Thornton, M. (1991). â€Å"Alcohol prohibition was a failure. † CATO institute. 30 January 2008. http://www. cato. org/pub_display. php? pub_id=1017 â€Å"In the 1600 and 1700’s, there were very few things available to drink. One did not want to take a lot of chances with the water and the unpasteurized milk of the time. Also, coffee and tea were expensive items, which left people of the time with one alternative, alcohol†¦. By the 1820’s the average American was drinking 7 gallons of pure alcohol†¦. Criminal groups organize around the steady source of income provided by laws against victimless crimes such as consuming alcohol or drugs, gambling and prostitution. In the process of providing goods and services those criminal organizations resort to real crimes in defense of sales terrorities, brand names, and labor contracts† â€Å"What in American’s history could lead to prohibition? † (n. d). 30 January 2008. http://www. albany. edu/~wm731882/what_in_americas_history_caused_prohibition_final. html â€Å"It is impossible to treat depression whilst someone is drinking as the alcohol has the opposite action to the drugs prescribed for depression and of course alcohol itself being a depressant may actually be causing the symptoms rather than treating them†¦. If people find they are frequently using alcohol to cope with stressful and worrying situations in their lives then they may need to consider finding another way of dealing with stress or to face the problem and deal with it rather than avoiding it. Alcohol cannot solve these problems and will always cause more problems of its own in terms of health and money etc. In situations such as bereavement or relationship break ups, it actually delays the healing process because the people aren’t giving themselves a chance to heal†¦. † Why Do People Drink Alcohol? (n. d) 30 January 2008. http://www. apas. org. uk/why_people_drink. htm Suicide 3. One study showed that 40% of alcoholic women attempted to commit suicide, compared to 8. 8% of non-alcoholic women. 10 4. Younger women who are alcoholics are nearly twice as likely to attempt to commit suicide (50. 5%) than older women who are alcoholics (25. 5%). 10 Victimization13 2. 57% of female victims of intimate violence (i. e. , current or former spouses, boyfriends, etc. ) reported that the offender had been drinking at the time of the offense. 3. 62% of female victims of alcohol-related violence reported experiencing some form of injury. Women and Alcohol. (2006). Loyola Marymount University. 30 January 2008. http://www. lmu. edu/PageFactory. aspx? PageID=25069 How to cite The Destructive Growth of Alcoholism in America, Papers

The Most Important Issues of the Modern World free essay sample

1. The most important problems of the modern (contemporary) world. The modern world, the world that we live in is exposed to many perils. Among the major problems are poverty, unemployment, wars, terrorism, racism, air pollution, climate change/global warming, and diseases. Poverty The gap between rich and poor nations is still growing. Although rich nations have provided aid and technical assistance to Third World nations, the developing nations face many obstacles in their drive to modernize. The population explosion, inflation, natural disasters, poor planning, and even government corruption have upset the development plans of many Third World nations. Some progress has been made in increasing food production. Researchers developed new high-yield crops as well as disease- and drought resistant crops. Unemployment Unemployment is caused by many factors in a modern market economy. It can be caused by rapid technological change, business cycle or recessions, seasonal factors in some industries particularly such as changes in tastes and climatic conditions which affects demand for certain products and services, individual perceptions and willingness to work and search for jobs, their values and attitudes towards some jobs and about employers, accessibility for retraining and acquisition of work skills, willingness and perception of unemployed of the benefits of training and the possibility for them to get a job after the training even though they have a chance to get a job, discrimination in the workplace based on race, colour, religion, ethnicity, age and class. We will write a custom essay sample on The Most Important Issues of the Modern World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The United Nations says that nearly 212 million people were unemployed in 2009. That is 6. 6 per cent of the global workforce. According to a new report the situation in Europe will get worse before the trend improves. The report predicts that the number will increase during 2010 with about 3 million more people unemployed. Wars First, war is wrong for the same reasons that murder is wrong. Because war is murder. A strategy that kills ten thousand people is not somehow less wrong than killing just one person. The colossal scale does not make it noble. The idea that countries rather than people are the â€Å"agents† is also irrelevant. Someone gave the order to go over there and start shooting, and if that person caused ten thousand people to die that’s ten thousand times as criminal as someone who caused only one person to die. Second, war is the probably the worst possible solution to whatever problem you’re trying to solve For example, let’s have a glance into the causes of Iraq War which is going on, beginning from March 20, 2003. The key basis for the attack presented by the U. S. President George W. Bush and alliance supporters was the claim that â€Å"Iraq possessed and was actively developing Weapon of Mass Destruction (WMD) in violation of a 1991 agreement† (Iraq WMD, par. 1). Though this war was fought for the good of people, it couldn’t follow the sole mission for what it was fought. Nevertheless, like other wars, it seemed devastating to the Iraqi people and to the entire world. Till now, millions of people have died and other millions of them are injured, homeless and forced to live an insecure and miserable life. Since the beginning of war people have been arguing about its morality. Not all wars. Nazism was defeated, by a war. Our nation gained Independence with a war. Slavery and a nation kept in tact by a war. And many other examples. Some wars are questionable because of the politics involved but over all war is necessary. Terrorism Terrorism, as a method to achieve political aims has gained worldwide popularity, but its motivating forces may be different. The main aim of the activities of the terrorists is to create conditions which may necessitate a change in the political set up or create law and order problem for the Government. Disturbed conditions will check progress and people are sure to lose confidence in the people in power. Working of democracy will become difficult and the increased foreign powers may fish in the troubled waters. Now-a-days, approximately 70 percent of the worlds terrorist activities occur in Asia and insurgent outfits function across the globe from this continent. The entire focus of global terrorism has changed from Europe to South Asian Countries. This focus of terrorism had mainly shifted because of the surfacing of three Asian giants China, Japan and India as global superpowers. Terrorist outfits like Lasker-e-Tayyaba (LeT), Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), Al Qaeda, Harkatul Jihad-al-Islami (Huji), ULFA, Naxalites (India) and many others are centered in Asian countries. And these terrorist organizations are not aiming at any military power, but they are attacking innocent civilians. Racism Racism is a problem because it causes discrimination against people for reasons that have nothing to do with their abilities or loyalties. This means that the ability of some people to contribute their best to society are lost, and because of the resentment that this irrational discrimination produces, there is more unrest and less stability than would otherwise be the case. Racism and discrimination have been used as powerful weapons encouraging fear or hatred of others in times of conflict and war, and even during economic downturns. Pollution Air pollution is one of the most pervasive environmental problems because atmospheric currents can carry contaminated air to every part of the globe. Most air pollution comes from motor vehicle emissions and from power plants that burn coal and oil to produce energy for industrial and consumer use. Carbon dioxide and other harmful gases released into the air from these sources adversely affect weather patterns and the health of people, animals, and plants. Industrialized nations produce most of the world’s air pollution. For example, although the United States is home to just 5 per cent of the world’s population, the country generates 22 per cent of human-made carbon dioxide emissions and 19 per cent of all greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. These emissions harm the environment by causing acid rain and global warming, and by depleting the protective ozone layer that surrounds the Earth. Global Warming Global warming is another negative by-product of air pollution, and although there is debate about the sources of the problem, most scientists agree that the Earth is heating up. One of the principal causes is thought to be high atmospheric concentrations of gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. These and related substances are called greenhouse gases because they trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere instead of letting it radiate into space, thereby raising air temperature. Smog and Motor Vehicles Finally, urban air pollution, usually in the form of smog generated by industry and motor vehicles, remains a serious health hazard for more than one billion people around the world. During the 1980s, European countries cut sulphur dioxide emissions by 27 per cent, and the volume of most pollutants dropped in the United States. Even so, cities such as Los Angeles, New York, Mexico City, and Beijing record unhealthy levels of air pollution on one day out of every three. Disease Infectious diseases are on the rise and now kill 17 million people a year, particularly young people in the developing world. Rising levels of drug resistance are making them more difficult to treat. The concern over new viruses, started with HIV causing AIDS, has been reinforced as other emergent viral diseases have been reported, including Ebola, Hantavirus and Rift Valley Fever.

Inclusion free essay sample

The 1978 Department of Education and Science Warnock Report began the modern era of educational inclusion, by introducing the idea of integrating a broader group of children into mainstream schools. This was reinforced by the Scottish Education Department progress report by HM Inspector of Schools, also in 1978, which criticized the withdrawal of children from class for additional support on the grounds of curricular provision. Since the publishing of these reports, they have formed the basis of inclusion nowadays in schools and on a social level, not just in the UK, but also in the USA. The 1989 United Nations conference on the rights of a child asserted that all children have the right to a decent education no matter their disability (articles 28 and 29). The rights of a child have increased rapidly over the past 20 years; for example, the 2004 Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act (which was amended in 2009), introduced the term â€Å"Additional Support Needs† (ASN) and introduced new rights for parents and increased rights for children. Inclusion is not just focused on in the UK, in 1994 Salamanca set out an Agreement and Framework for Action, which advocates that all children ought to be taught in a mainstream school, which has an â€Å"inclusive orientation†. Inclusion is defined as â€Å"the process by which a school attempts to respond to all pupils as individuals by reconsidering its school organization and provision† (Sebba and Ainscow, 1996). This means that disabled children will spend most or all of their time with non-disabled children in schools, however, for this to be successful the severity of the child’s disability and the effect this will have on the non-disabled members of the class, should be taken into consideration. This is accounted for in the Standards in Scotland’s Schools etc. (Scotland) Act of 2000, which talks about the â€Å"presumption of mainstreaming† and states that all children will go to a mainstream school unless it is deemed educationally unsuitable, detrimental to other children, or too expensive. The Education Act of 1996 (including the amendment) defines the meanings â€Å"special educational needs†, â€Å"special educational provision† and the code of practice in schools. Furthermore, because of inclusion, it does not matter whether the child has a physical, mental or learning difficulty; he or she will still be included in the mainstream school society. As a student teacher, it is my responsibility to understand what I need to do for pupils with specific learning needs, to ensure they get the best education they can, with or without a disability. Within this assignment, the concept of â€Å"a fully inclusive school† and what it involves will be discussed. Following that, the advantages and disadvantages of a fully inclusive school will be investigated. In order for inclusion to work, it is the teacher’s responsibility to implement inclusion within their classes and the curriculum by catering for all their pupil’s educational needs. Therefore, the responsibilities of an effective teacher and how important their role is in enforcing inclusion within the schools curriculum will also be discussed. A â€Å"fully inclusive school† is one which addresses inclusion throughout the curriculum; by ensuring that inclusion is enforced throughout the curriculum and by teachers, during and after class, physically; by mainstreaming disabled children with non-disabled children, and socially; by promoting the mixing and socializing of all children. All children are different, â€Å"there will always be some children who require a specialist sheltered environment†¦ the needs of some disabled children are radically different from those of the average child. These different needs must be given proper status† (Aird, 2001). This is where inclusion takes form throughout the curriculum. Different children require different support needs, which must be appropriately addressed in order for their educational experience to be a success. The legal definition says: â€Å"A child or young person is said to have ‘additional support needs’ if they need more – or different support – to what is normally provided in schools or pre-schools to children of the same age. This implies that any child who struggles with a subject due to a learning difficulty must have their needs catered for in order for them to get the best education possible. This is the duty of the additional support needs workers, who help children overcome their educational barrier. While on placement as a student teacher, I encountered many children who had English as a second language. During lessons, an additional support worker would help them to unde rstand what was required during the lesson, which enabled them to enjoy and understand what they are being taught. However, children whose English was very poor were not immediately mainstreamed into classes, which excluded them from lessons and socialising with other children in those lessons. For a school to be â€Å"fully inclusive†, they must also have social inclusion. My opinion is that students who require ASN should not be segregated from those students who don’t. This is where the work of student support workers comes in and plays an important role in making a fully inclusive school successful. In addition, the school must also be inclusive by making itself accessible to all children with physical disabilities. A school cannot be called â€Å"fully inclusive† if it does not have lifts or wheelchair access for pupils who require them. The council must have inclusion in mind in order to build it into the schools to make them accessible for everyone. It is not enough for the government to introduce policies on inclusion in schools, they have to physically build it into the schools and the teachers, office staff and support workers must build it into the school ethos. It is not enough for a school to just have social and inclusion throughout the curriculum, but in order to make a â€Å"fully inclusive† school effective, there must be physical inclusion, where pupils who require ASN can communicate and integrate with pupils who don’t. Inclusion should play a role in building a community within and around the school, as well as developing values in schools, raising achievement and overall improving the school for teachers and for pupils. Poverty is a major factor when trying to include all pupils socially and physically in schools. A study showed that â€Å"children from low income families are less likely to flourish at school† (Citizens Advice, 2005). Families who poorer financially may not be able to afford the simple uniform schools require their children to wear. In 2005, â€Å"three quarters of parents of secondary school children and two thirds of parents of primary school children could not meet the costs of the school uniform†(CA, 2005). This puts added pressure onto families, and not wearing a school uniform can make the child feel less included or embarrassed, because they do not have the proper uniform. For inclusion to work, all children who have the right to an education, also have the responsibility to attend school to receive it. However, it is up to the government to provide the basic necessities, such as a clothing grant, so that children from poorer families can feel included by attending school and getting an education that will give them the best start in life. From my placement experience, the school uniform was not as strict as other schools I’ve seen. I found this appropriate because the uniform was simple and other children who come from different countries could be included within the school. Poverty does not only affect families financially but pupils who are from a lower class family are less likely to do well in school. The OCED review of quality and equity in schools in 2007 stated that: â€Å"The socio-economic background of students was strongly related to their attainment. There is a continuing need to tackle problems of poverty and deprivation if students are to achieve their full potential†. The OCED report of 2009 stated that the â€Å"socio-economic background is related to performance for at least two reasons. First, students from families with more educated parents, higher income and better material, educational and cultural resources are better placed to receive superior educational opportunities in the home environment as well as richer learning opportunities outside of the home relative to students from less-advantaged backgrounds†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In addition, children who are from a low-income family will not have as many opportunities as their parents may not be as interested in education because they themselves have not had any educational advantages. The Scottish Government introduced the Education Maintenance Allowance (EMA) in 1999, to encourage those children from a lower income household to stay on at school after they turned sixteen. â€Å"This financial support has increased participation in post-16 education of young people from deprived areas† (EIS, 2010). By helping those children from poorer backgrounds, the government is moving forward in including every child as best they can in education and ensuring equal opportunities for every child. This is why inclusion is so important in the Scottish education system, and I believe a fully inclusive school will tackle all problems it is faced with. Since the introduction of inclusion in schools, there have been many advantages and disadvantages. Students who are in classrooms with those who have additional learning needs can benefit, as inclusion itself is a learning experience. Children learn about different types of learning difficulties other students might have which allows them to identify them later on in life e. . in their workplace. It improves communication and interaction skills for all and can increase positive peer interactions in and out with the classroom. A study shows that â€Å"when students who were declared currently eligible and students who were considered candidates for special education were combined as a group, they had significantly lower social-preference scores and significantly higher social-impact scores than did their general education peers† (Sale, P amp; Carey, D, 1995). This study shows that those children with ASN, who were integrated into a mainstream school, were made more aware of their disability because of the abilities of other children around them, on the other hand, when children with ASN were integrated into a classroom with those who didn’t have ASN, their social skills improved. Inclusion has allowed those children from low-income families to be included in schools by schemes that allow families to purchase school uniforms. However, â€Å"nine out of ten parents of school children and over half the parents of primary school children have to purchase at least three items† (C. A, 2005) from the school. Parents could be embarrassed about purchasing this many products from schools, but â€Å"58% of parents of children of secondary school and 55% of parents of children from primary school thought that their child might be bullied if they did not have the correct uniform† (C. A, 2005). Schools helping those families who cannot afford uniforms is costly for the government, however it makes children feel more part of a chool and will give them the encouragement they need to attend school and get the most out of education. In November 2012, Alex Salmond stated in parliament that the Education budget will not be cut, but, this is not the case, and after an apology to the Parliament, the budget is indeed being cut. If the government decides to cut the budget for uniforms, schools will then find it ha rder to include those children from a lower background, because they cannot afford the essentials of a simple uniform. It is important to have inclusion in schools, even if they are not fully inclusive, â€Å"inclusion is not easy, but it’s not optional† (Donaldson, G. 2004). In 1994, the Salamanca Agreement and Framework for Action stated that; â€Å"Inclusion and participation are essential to human dignity and to the enjoyment and exercise of human rights. † If inclusion did not exist today, there would be a major divide between those pupils who require ASN and those who don’t. There would be diversity between pupils, as they would be separated and pupils would be ignorant of pupils who need additional support. Inclusion is in itself an educational experience for pupils, as they learn about the needs of others and just how different everyone is, which creates a friendly environment and one less susceptible to bullying. In contrast to that, some parents may feel that putting their child who requires additional support into a mainstream school may make them more susceptible to bullying, and that inclusion in education can itself be a form of bullying. Teaching children is becoming more difficult for teachers due to children who need ASN, therefore, â€Å"we need to rediscover the competency of mainstream teachers at meeting learning challenges†¦ best practice of ordinary teachers should be the starting point† (Ainscow 1999). A child who suffers from behavioural difficulties and is included in classrooms is an issue that teachers and students have to face. Children with behavioural difficulties can disrupt lessons and make learning harder for pupils, especially if some of those pupils also require additional support needs. For inclusion to work, the government will have to spend more of the education budget on additional support assistants, so that pupils can get one to one support, and the teacher can carry on without the lesson being disrupted. Furthermore, if the child with behavioural difficulties needs to be taken out of the classroom, the assistant can take them out quietly without disrupting the lesson or students. However, with the government cutting the Scottish education budget, will there be enough support assistants for each child in mainstream schools? The Scottish government is trying their best to eliminate obesity in schools, by ensuring pupils receive more physical education. However, those pupils who have physical disabilities and require wheelchairs or crutches are not included in physical education classes because they are the minority in the classroom. Disability equality in education stated in 2005: â€Å"We believe that the problem is not in the child and their impairment but in the social and attitudinal barriers in the education system. The barriers cannot be broken down, unless funding is put in place for the equipment needed, so that children can perform on a level playing field, for example, instead of the physical education class taking part in rugby, they implement wheelchair rugby, thus including all children in the class. This is what I believe, as a teacher; inclusion in schools is important in Scottish education despite some of the disadvantages. The role of an effective teacher in education can make inclusion either successful or unsuccessful. It is the teacher’s duty to raise concern about a pupil who they think may have additional support needs and to report any concerns to the pupil support staff. Furthermore, pupils should be comfortable talking to teachers about any difficulties they face in class; therefore teachers should have good people and communication skills, be flexible and create a pleasant atmosphere for pupils. In addition, all children have the right to a decent education, and it is the teacher’s duty to deliver this and be as inclusive as possible in their lessons; â€Å"excellent education is education that is excellent for all† (Heumann 1999). On placement I observed, that boys tend to dominate physics from third year to sixth year. I also noticed that most schools have a small physics department, but a large biology department. In addition, modern studies is a subject dominated by girls (as well as biology) and history tends to be dominated by boys. I believe that for a school to be fully inclusive, subjects that are seen as â€Å"male orientated† should actively encourage girls and subjects such as mathematics, physics and chemistry, which are accessible for all pupils should be more accessible to the average pupil. For this to happen, where possible teachers should give their time to additional after school classes, to help pupils grasp the knowledge they need for harder subjects. An effective teacher must be accessible to all pupils and must be enthusiastic and make their subject as interesting as possible, as â€Å"children who are slower to learn – for whatever reason – need the same in order to learn as any other child†¦ our humanity tells us they need: interest, confidence, freedom from worry, a warm and patient teacher† (Thomas amp; Loxley 2001). I believe that students are sometimes more willing to pick a subject because of the teacher, even though the subject might be hard, if they can learn the knowledge because of that teacher, the implications of inclusion make me believe that any subject can be accessible to any pupil, which is why teachers must be inclusive, when teaching both in and out with the classroom. However, in saying that, there are restrictions on a teacher being fully inclusive in their classroom. I know that during my placement, there were limitations to what some children could learn; due to the fact English was their second language. Furthermore, some pupils came to school unprepared, with no stationary or jotters and with the attitude that they didn’t want to learn. I took the decision to make my lessons more interesting and fun, I endeavoured to give extra time to the pupils concerned and explained the lesson slower, so that they had a better understanding whilst others were shown that learning could be fun. I also ensured that stationary was available, that they left their jotters in the classroom after lessons, unless they had homework. By making the lessons more accessible to pupils they would look forward to lessons, as they knew they would be in an environment they enjoy and therefore are more willing to learn. In fully inclusive schools, the â€Å"mainstream teachers should have self-belief about ‘their own power to take positive action in response to children’s learning’ than to be restrained by special education thinking† (Hart 1996). If teachers do not believe that they can educate every pupil, no matter what their disability or learning difficulty, then they cannot expect the pupil, who needs additional support, to learn and be a high achiever in that subject. The National Framework for Inclusion helps support teachers and aims to give children with ASN better classroom support. In addition, teachers need the facilities and tools to be able to cater for all children, for example in subjects such as physics and physical education, there are barriers to learning that need to be broken down. In order for me to be an effective teacher, I have to ensure that I cater for the needs of all pupils in the classroom. â€Å"There are unequal education and health outcomes for people depending on where they live; and where discrimination and disadvantage still affect the lives of women, people from minority ethnic communities, disabled people and people of different sexual orientation† (Closing the Opportunity Gap, 2003-2006). The opportunities of children who are from deprived backgrounds, different ethnicity or sexual orientation should not be different to those who are from more prosperous backgrounds. It is the duty of teachers to include all children and give them the same advantages and quality education as everyone, which is why the role of an effective teacher is important in inclusive education. To conclude, inclusion in schools is a key priority in Scottish education and has been in motion in Scotland since the 1974 Education (Mentally Handicapped Children) (Scotland) Act. Since then, there have been many other Acts to help children who require additional support needs in Scotland. A â€Å"fully inclusive† school is one that I believe integrates children through the curriculum; physically and socially, no matter what their additional support needs may be. Children who require ASN will be given the support they need by the introduction of an additional support worker. Social inclusion should be built into the school’s ethos and wheelchair access and lifts should be built in the school. Furthermore, children who require ASN should not be taken out of class, but allowed to integrate in the classroom with classmates, which is why the role of the additional support worker is important. Finally, physical inclusion is where children are physically integrated into classroom with those children who do not require any additional support. Physical inclusion should focus on building inclusion into the school community and improving the learning experience for pupils and teaching experience for teachers. Physically including pupils from poorer or ethnic backgrounds can be difficult, if the family is unable to purchase uniforms. In order to tackle this government has funded clothing grants for families to help them buy uniforms for children who cannot afford them. Furthermore, the introduction of Education Maintenance Allowance (EMA) has boosted the attendance of those children (post-16) from poorer backgrounds and has then improved the chances of that child receiving a better education. This offers the child the same opportunity as those children with a higher income background. I believe this is the concept of a â€Å"fully inclusive school†, and is important in helping children receive the best education possible. With inclusion being such a big topic, there advantages and disadvantages. If children are integrated with those who don’t require ASN, their social skills may improve, and mainstream pupils can learn first hand about the different types of learning difficulties which may reduce bullying. In contrast, teachers have to be given the tools to be able to teach children with ASN effectively for them to receive the best education possible. Schemes which allow children from low income families to buy uniforms, help make them feel included in the school and part of the school community, and they are less likely to be bullied, therefore more likely to come to school. However, with the education budget being cut, there is a question as to whether the councils will be able to continue to pay for support workers for every pupil that needs them. However, parents of children that have a disability may feel reluctant to let their child be put into an inclusive school, because they might be more susceptible to bullying. Children with behavioral difficulties could prove to be difficult and disruptive in classes, but if they have an additional support worker, they can take them out of class minimal disruption to the class however they will be missing out in education. Finally, an inclusive school should have clubs and subjects that can include everyone. Students that require wheelchairs or crutches should be included in all physical education, so funding is needed for equipment so that students can all partake in classes and are not excluded. The role of an effective teacher is important in inclusion. Children need a teacher who is supportive and approachable who is aware of their needs and willing to listen to problems they may have. This is the most effective way teacher can help pupils or get additional support for pupils. It is the duty of the teacher to provide the best education possible to all pupils. Subjects should be more open to all genders and races, therefore teachers must find ways to make the subject more appealing and open abilities and believe that they are instrumental in closing the opportunity gap in education. Finally, the National Framework for Inclusion helps support teachers and children with ASN by giving them better class room support and improving their chances of academic success.